![]() ![]() Wotc Having more than one land enter the battlefield under your control this turn provides no additional benefit. If you cant (because there are no creatures on. Searing Blaze deals 1 damage to target player or planeswalker and 1 damage to target creature that player or that planeswalker’s controller controls. Along with the European Space Agency, Copernicus plays a central role in the EU’s 16 billion (17. If you can’t (because there are no creatures on the battlefield, perhaps), then you can’t cast the spell. : You must choose two targets as you cast Searing Blaze: a player and a creature that player controls. Searing Blaze deals 1 damage to target player or planeswalker and 1 damage to target creature that player or that planeswalkers controller controls. Wotc You must choose two targets as you cast Searing Blaze: a player and a creature that player controls. Wotc Whether you had a land enter the battlefield under your control this turn is checked as this spell resolves, not as you cast it. Stage Two: Contempt Aura of Contempt Emits a cursed aura, causing players to be unable to be healed above 80 of their maximum health. After a short duration, the Searing Blaze explodes, inflicting 60539 to 66913 Fire damage to players within 2 yds. Wotc If either target is illegal by the time Searing Blaze resolves, it still deals damage to the other target. Searing Blaze Creates a Searing Blaze at the targets location. It doesn’t matter if a land that entered the battlefield under your control previously in the turn is still on the battlefield, is still under your control, or is still a land. Wotc The landfall ability checks for an action that has happened in the past. Wotc Once the spell resolves, having a land enter the battlefield under your control provides no further benefit. ![]() If you had a land enter the battlefield under your control this turn, only the landfall-based effect happens. If the creature gets removed while Searing Blaze is still on the stack. Wotc The effect of this spell’s landfall ability replaces its normal effect. Searing Blaze requires 2 targets to be cast, a creature and that creatures controller. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Though a shorter stature has held many players back from elevating and reaching the next level, he thrived due to a combination of talent and hard work.įew NBA players have ever had Iverson’s work ethic or raw basketball IQ. He also happened to be on the shorter end of the spectrum. ![]() ![]() Final WordsĪllen Iverson is one of the best guards of all time. Especially when you can be a dual threat that almost always makes the right play. That made him a great point guard who could run an offense almost as well as he could score.īeing a dual threat is more than enough to make up for any drawbacks. Where some smaller players crumbled when trying to find the right passing lane or when the play broke down, Iverson had amazing improvisation. That’s what Iverson did, especially in big moments. Being small is always going to come with some disadvantages, but those can all be mitigated if someone always makes the right play at the right time. In that way, while he did stand 6’0, he played much, much taller than that.īeyond that, Iverson also knew the game inside and out. That gave him the ability to dunk quite easily, and he could also get out to block or contest shots. Taking all of those dimensions into account, Iverson could jump up and reach past ten feet. Where some players have long arms but can’t jump, he had a combination of the two. That combination of length and spring made him extremely valuable on the court because it allowed him to take full advantage of his wingspan in a way that pushed past his height. Both of those put him in the top 0.01 percent of all players. His vertical measured right around 40 inches, with his vertical leap (with a running start) clocking in at 41 inches. Not only that, but Iverson could jump too. That’s not incredibly impressive when compared to some other NBA athletes, but it’s enough length to give a skilled player an advantage when going for steals, blocks, rebounds, or contests. Iverson’s reach is four inches longer than his height. Long arms are amazing assets on both sides of the ball, and he took full advantage. His arms measured a full 6’3 across, which gave him a lot of length in different facets of the game. doi:10.1371/’s height may have held him back, but he more than made up for it with his wingspan. Day length may make geographical difference in body size and proportions: an ecological analysis of Japanese children and adolescents. Adult height, nutrition, and population health. Perkins JM, Subramanian SV, Smith GD, Ozaltin E. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts. Height Chart of Men and Women in Different Countries. Are we reaching the limits of homo sapiens? Front Physiol. Perkins JM, Subramanian SV, Davey Smith G, Özaltin E. Weight, Height, and Selected Body Dimensions of Adults United States - 1960 - 1962. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. ![]() Mean body weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index among adults: United States, 1999–2000 through 2015–2016. Anthropometric reference data for children and adults: United States, 2011-2014. Major correlates of male height: a study of 105 countries. Grasgruber P, Sebera M, Hrazdira E, Cacek J, Kalina T. ![]() ![]() If you have multiple quantities of this pipe size, you can click on the Advanced mode button below our tool to enter your pipe quantity to find their total weight. Fluid flow velocity in a circular pipe can be calculated with Imperial or American units as v 1.273 q / d2 0. In general it is common to set 1 Cubic Foot (CF) approx 1000 BTUs 1 CFH 1 MBH The specific gravity of natural gas varies from 0.55 to 1.0. You enter any two of the cross-sectional measurements of your pipe (outer diameter, inner diameter, or pipe wall thickness) and the length of your pipe.Īt this moment, our pipe weight calculator will already display the volume of your pipe, its linear density ( which makes this tool a pipe weight per foot calculator, too!), and weight. l length of pipe (ft) k d5 / (1 + 3.6 / d + 0.03 d)1/2 d inside diameter pipe (in) SG specific gravity of natural gas For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf. Note that this calculation is the volume of your tubes only and does not account for any overflow or loss. Multiply 0.08 x 50 4 total cubic yards of concrete for 50 tubes. Calculate and the answer is 0.08 cubic yards for one concrete tube. Enter Height 4 ft (or 48 in) Enter Diameter 10 in. Cylinder Volume Calculator using radius in inches Cylinder Volume. Choose Round Column (or Round Slab) on the calculator. Next, we use c 4 and w 0.3 to find the volume inside the pipe: Pipe Volume ( 2 /4) (27.5182 2 - 24.1182 2 ) (3.4) (72/360) ( 2 /4) (175.5638) (3.4) (0. The pipe volume is equal to the volume of the liquid inside (if fully filled with it). You can check out our metal weight calculator for the different densities of the common metals used in construction or our steel weight calculator if your pipe is any of the other common steel alloys.Įnter the dimensions of your pipe. The bend angle is 72 and the bend distance is 28 cm. If your pipe material is not in the selection, you can choose Custom material and manually enter the density of your material. Volume of a hollow cylinder Calculator Home / Mathematics / Volume and surface area Calculates the volume, lateral and surface areas of a hollow cylinder given two radii and height. Doing this will display the corresponding density of that material. A simple online tool to determine pipeline, well-bore, tubing volumes in gallons and bbls (barrels of oil 42 gallons). ![]() ![]() To use this pipe weight calculator, you can follow along with these steps: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The stench of the swamp is confusing the local gator mothers, and. In order to prevent the dinosaur from escaping, the only bridge connecting the exit has been cut off. This is not a simple task because of park management. Your ultimate goal is to help the dinosaur escape from the park. It’s a long way to the city - Greenjamin has multiple levels to skate through in three different areas, plus there’s a few secret levels too. Greenjamin Gator was enjoying a solid shred sesh on the various. In the game Skator Gator, you will return to Jurassic Park to help the dinosaur avoid human attacks and all obstacles. The pipelines stretch far and wide, with gator eggs scattered all about, robots trying to take you out, obstacles blocking your path, and much more that’ll truly challenge your mad skateboarding skills! 20+ levels to unlock and play! Skator Gator is a lane-based 2D platformer starring a gator fighting back against a corporation thats polluted his home and the surrounding areas. High octane, lane-based platforming challenges! Worked with Weathered Sweater as UI and gameplay programmer on their game Skator Gator. Skate across their oil pipelines towards the city to advocate for change and cause some mayhem along the way. Your ultimate goal is to help the dinosaur escape. In the game Skator Gator, you will return to Jurassic Park to help the dinosaur avoid human attacks and all obstacles. However, I want to personally get Robby into a room and ask them WHY on EARTH the third bonus level is Like That. These dinosaurs are so strong that they can even destroy entire parks and wetlands. Greenjamin is cute, the art style slaps, the game is generally really fun to control. ![]() They’re draining the peat bog just to make mini golf courses!? Have you seen the famous movie Jurassic Park In this movie, there are many extinct prehistoric dinosaurs. And play other similar games like Dennis and Gnasher Skate Blam and Spider Escape.SKATOR GATOR was just minding his own business when those greedy capitalist robots started ruining his swamp! Also, try to have fun and become the best gator skater online and from this Skator Gator games here on . Skator Gator 3D After the deed to his swamp is stolen, Greenjamin Gator grabs his skateboard to grind, dash, skate, and jump his way to retribution. Top Skateboard Games Crazy Skater TMNT Decked Out The Smurfs Skate Rush. So know that to know it all play in this game for reaction time, enjoy the vibrant color and the cartoon style of the game. Race Skator Gator Skating Heaven (flash) American Dragon All Star Skate. To win the game you must collect a total of 53 eggs. ![]() Also, nine different location levels to explore and have fun. There are five different types of gator skins for you to unblock. Use the up and down button from the arrow keys to jump, slide on different metal pipes above the greasy swamp. Skator Gator is an online free to play game, that raised a score of 5.00 / 5 from 2 votes. But before that in the options interface, you can play with the master volume, adjust the controls scheme to be able to play the game on horizontal or vertical modes.
![]() ![]() For the Diaries, the number of fragments covering a range of time suggests the possibility of not just an author but rather authors - an idea supported by the general lack of authorial information for most Mesopotamian texts. Because the evidence of women in ancient sciences is lacking, scholars frequently attribute astronomical and observation texts to men, but the question of who wrote these texts is not so straightforward.Īncient Mesopotamian culture did not prioritize authorship, meaning that even familiar texts such as Gilgamesh and certainly less familiar astronomical texts including the Astronomical Diaries or Enūma Anu Enlil have made their way to us with no identified writer. Cuneiform letters sent between women famously comprise the archives at Mari, for example. There is, however, some evidence that women took on these traditionally masculine roles. ![]() Specialized arenas such as the scribal school and realms of astronomy and astrology were often reserved for men. Mesopotamia is conventionally viewed as a patriarchal culture. Because the Astronomical Diaries were an integral part of early Babylonian astronomy and were kept for hundreds of years, it is imperative to consider whether during this thousand-year span of time women were able to participate in such defining activities.Įxamining whether there is any room for women observers in something as significant as the Astronomical Diaries, or if there is even value to searching for them, can rewrite a domain of Mesopotamian culture where gender is traditionally assumed male or forgotten entirely. They were even integrated into later Greek astronomy to help establish cycles of astronomical phenomena. Additionally, keeping these records became part of the astronomical culture and defined Babylonian astronomy for almost a millennium. The zig-zag functions and almost algorithmic methods for determining planetary positions made famous by Babylonian astronomy depended on accurate observations and likely grew out of the record keeping of the Astronomical Diaries. The information collected in the Diaries provided the basis for many of the predictive systems that came in later Babylonian mathematical astronomy. Eventually, the content of the diaries standardized to contain information on what Francesca Rochberg-Halton describes as “collected lunar, planetary, meteorological, economic, and, occasionally, political (or otherwise peculiar) events.” These tablets collect naked-eye observations made nightly over the course of half a year with the aid of little more than a water clock for timing. The Astronomical Diaries currently include more than 1200 preserved and identified fragments of clay tablets with written cuneiform records. Examining whether there is any room for women observers in something as significant as the Astronomical Diaries, or if there is even value to searching for them, can rewrite a domain of Mesopotamian culture where gender is traditionally assumed male or forgotten entirely. These records enabled much of later Babylonian astronomy from the 5th century BCE onward, and they helped identify cycles of appearances for the known planets, the moon, and the sun, contributing to the later mathematical astronomical texts. This includes the Astronomical Diaries, some of humanity’s earliest records of observational astronomy. Even though much scholarly material from Mesopotamia lacks a named author, it is assumed to have been produced by men. ![]() ![]() ![]() Once sent, if the op is to help a resistance cell, an increase in monthly funds is awarded. Usually two soldiers are sent and many times at least one of them must be a particular rank or have a particular ability. For example, a covert op can be in the form of help for a resistance cell that would increase funds coming from that cell, or research on where the assassin has taken a soldier. War of the Chosen gives the commander options to send soldiers on covert ops, and doing so will tie them up for several days depending on the op. ![]() Speaking of covert missions, this is a new feature for XCOM 2. Intel must be gathered in the form of covert missions to pinpoint where they are and hunt them down. Once they appear, you are given some information as to what region of the world they are in. Combine all of this with her ability to kidnap troops, and she is nasty. She also doesn’t trigger overwatch and can shoot back if you miss her. This will give you an idea of where she is so you can set up for her next run. The good news is when she attacks, she reveals herself, runs away and then cloaks. As she fights she will get up close and personal with her sword. The Assassin for example, can make herself invisible at will making her extremely difficult to fight. ![]() The commander can do things to slow them down, just make sure that attention is paid to all three Chosen or the commander will be lost to the resistance, permanently.Ĭhosen have specific traits and abilities. Much like the Avatar Project in the game, the Chosen have a timer. There are three different chosen, the Assassin, the Hunter and the Warlock, and all have unique abilities and all are very difficult to take down. Their mission is to recapture him, and if they succeed, whichever chosen captures the commander gets Earth when the aliens leave. Don’t fret, the Chosen introduce themselves early in the game so the campaign is different almost from the start.Īs the name would suggest, there is a new enemy in the game called the Chosen. War of the Chosen cannot be continued from a game that was started in the original XCOM 2 campaign. This means that when the game is launched, players can choose between the original game or the War of the Chosen version. War of the Chosen is an alternate XCOM 2 campaign. Welcome back aboard the Avenger, Commander. Newcomers and veterans alike will find lots of new things to do in XCOM 2: War of the Chosen. 2K Games very recently dropped a massive DLC expansion for XCOM 2 which adds a ton of new features and missions to an already impressive game. ![]() ![]() The lens and camera database has also been updated. We worked on some nice features especially macOS Sierra 10.12 support and better UX/UI for the control point editor. The 4.4 is the new version of Autopano Pro/Giga. Linux 64 bits tar.xz : Autopano Pro for Linux 64 bits tar.xz (40.53MB).Linux 64 bits deb : Autopano Pro for Linux 64 bits deb (42.22MB).ALPS-853] : Updated/corrected cameras et lensid databases New camerasĬanon Canon EF-S18-135mm/f/3.5-5.6 IS 4.4.0 - Download ALPS-844] : Linux APG installer does not overwrite properly previous installation ![]() ALPS-843] : Adobe LR plugin is not installed when a previous version of APG is present on the system (option greyed during installation process) ALPS-842] : Neutralhazer is not working anymore (random behaviour) We focused on fixing some bugs to make it more stable. The 4.4.1 is the new version of Autopano Pro/Giga.
![]() ![]() His first mental health assessment the day after the killing found no evidence of thought disorder, paranoia or delusional thinking.īut an expert adolescent psychiatrist described Addis as an unreliable malingerer and said he had been calm and collected when he phoned the police. Officers found his grandmother in a bath full of bloodstained water after he told a 999 operator: 'There's been a murder.'ĭefence expert Dr Peter Misch said he believed Addis experienced a transient paranoid psychosis at the time of the killing. We want him to have a go at life, and Mum would, too.'Īddis tried to claim he was hearing voices and experiencing paranoid delusions when he stabbed Mrs Addis 17 times. 'The biggest punishment is knowing what he's done. In a statement released to the defence, the Addis family said: 'We don't want him to lose most of his life. 'I accept you loved her very much, but nonetheless you killed her in the most horrific manner imaginable.' 'It is impossible to forget the evidence I heard about how much she loved you and how much she did for you. Speaking of Mrs Addis, Judge Laing said: 'She leaves behind loving and understanding children and grandchildren who are prepared forgive you and support you. 'Sentencing is the only time in a trial to note the tragedy of what you did.' ![]() You will still be a relatively young man, keen to catch up on lost time. ![]() 'At this point, I cannot be satisfied you will remain drug-free on your release. She added: 'You have not yet fully appreciated the seriousness of what happened and just how much work is needed. She said he had still not spoken about what happened and had discussed emigrating when he is released, which she described as an attempt to get away from what he had done. Judge Laing said while she accepted Addis was extremely remorseful, he would still present a danger to the public on release. Pietro Addis, the defendant's grandfather, with Katie Price at Donatello restaurant in Brighton. 'The horrific thing you had done should have made you run a mile from any offer of illegal drugs,' the judge said. He then tried to claim the white powder was flour, the court heard. He tested positive for cocaine taken while he was on remand in a secure hospital. The court heard he continued to abuse drugs after he was taken into custody. Tests on his blood and hair showed Addis had taken cannabis, cocaine, ketamine, Xanax and his grandmother's cancer medication in the months before the killing. The final moments of Sue Addis's life would have been filled with unimaginable terror and trauma at the hands of her beloved grandson, the judge said.Īddis inflicted significant mental and physical suffering in a sustained attack, the judge said. 'It is highly unlikely your grandma would have lost her life had you not done so.' 'You chose to smoke a lot of cannabis and deliberately over-use your amphetamine-based ADHD medication. She added: 'No family or friends have suggested any difficulties out of the norm. Sue Addis with her husband Pietro and former EastEnders actress Michelle CollinsĪddis would have been angry at the family trying to stop him getting Elvanse and restricting his use of cannabis, the judge said. ![]() The judge said she was satisfied the principle cause was Addis's use of cannabis and abusing Elvanse - his amphetamine-based ADHD medication. 'The negative effects of the ADHD drugs were becoming ever more obvious,' the judge said.Īddis experienced a transient psychotic delusion which made him believe his grandmother meant him serious harm, a jury found. His desperation for drugs was demonstrated by taking his grandmother's breast cancer medication. 'Use and misuse of drugs was the single biggest factor in the development of the mental state that led to you killing your grandma,' Judge Laing said. His grandmother, Sue Addis, owned popular Brighton restaurants Donatello and Pinocchio, and was well known in the local community for her extensive charitable work.Īt Lewes Crown Court, Judge Christine Laing KC told Addis his horrific crime demonstrated the dangers of taking illegal drugs and his inability to avoid harmful behaviour.Īddis was also selling clothes and possessions to buy cannabis. Millionaire Mrs Addis (left) was a highly successful restaurateur and philanthropist who served celebrities including Tony Blair, Bill Nighy (right) and Katie PriceĪddis was in Covid lockdown when his desperate family tried to get help for his deteriorating mental state, moving him in with his grandmother after a family row about his drug use. ![]() ![]() Plus, you can also opt for cloud syncing-with a Binary Fortress account-to sync your clipboard text with other devices.Īs for advanced operations, Clipboard Fusion allows you to use hotkeys, create macros (using C#) to perform text transformation on your copied text snippets, and automatically set triggers to perform various clipboard actions.įor example, with macros, you can parse your clipboard text and get rid of invalid HTML tags, clear the clipboard at will, or convert text to some other format. All your clippings are saved and categorized accordingly to make it easier to access them. Using ClipboardFusion, you can save various kinds of items to your clipboard history and access them later when required. It manages to get the balance right between being an easy-to-use app and an advanced clipboard manager with features like macros and customizable triggers. Similarly, you can also sort, edit, and delete your saved items to have them organized and managed under their dedicated tabs.ĬopyQ employs various system-wide shortcuts for different operations, and you also get the ability to add custom commands to the context menu, run custom commands automatically when the clipboard changes, assign shortcuts to your custom commands and create custom scripts to perform specific operations with your clipboard.įor instance, you can create commands to save web links in your clipboards automatically or to paste the current date and time with a keyboard shortcut the scope of use is quite broad.ĭownload CopyQ ClipboardFusion IMAGE: ClipboardFusionĬlipboardFusion is one of the popular clipboard managers for Windows. That way, you can find items quickly and easily. Plus, there’s the option to add notes or tags to your copied items.Īll your saved clippings are saved in customized tabs on CopyQ. You can use it to store text, HTML snippets, images (including screenshots), and other kinds of formats. It comes with editing and scripting features as a bonus to the basic clipboard manager’s history and management functionalities. Plus, Ditto employs a bunch of other keyboard shortcuts to help you perform different operations on the app quickly and efficiently.Īmong other features, Ditto includes the ability to share your clipboard amongst friends/peers, view stats for copied and pasted texts, group clippings, and rearrange clip order.ĬopyQ is one of the more advanced Windows clipboard managers. And you can access all of your clippings using a simple keyboard shortcut.Īnother useful Ditto feature is Special Paste, which lets you paste text in various formats like upper case, lower case, inverted case, sentence case, and many more. All your clippings are saved in a database to make them easier to retrieve at a later time. ![]() With Ditto, you can save just about any type of information, be it text, images, HTML snippets, or anything else. Rather, it’s an extension to the standard Windows clipboard that augments its functionality with features that eliminate the need for an advanced, dedicated clipboard manager. In addition, ClipClip provides you the ability to look up your search history (using a dedicated keyboard shortcut), customize hotkeys to suit your workflow, upload your clips to the cloud, and password-protect your folders to keep them secure.īesides these clipboard features, ClipClip also includes a bunch of other functionalities, such as screen capturing, text formatting, image editing, text extraction (OCR), quick web searching, and cloud synchronization with Google Drive and Dropbox, which can come in handy at times.ĭitto isn’t a full-fledged clipboard manager. Similarly, it also has another interesting feature, Text Translation, that lets you translate your text clippings into different languages with a single click. ClipClip employs a keyboard shortcut, which gives you a list of all your past clippings so you can easily paste them. ![]() ![]() ![]() I would not recommend them for most people unless you know for sure that your source has enough output to properly drive your amp even with some attenuation. Passive preamps are mainly for those who have a source with a strong output and prefer an absolute minimalist setup with as little between the source and the amp as possible. You can't do any of that with a passive preamp. It also includes features such as inverted pre-outs, which I make extensive use of to bridge some of my amps, as well as invert one channel on my others that aren't bridged (fixed by inverting the speaker wires on that same channel), which helps squeeze a bit more power out of the amps by having the bass signals on each channel hit opposite voltage rails instead of the same rails at the same time. This is before considering boost versus cut only with the tone knobs. In other words the realtive strength of signal appears strong across the frequency spectrum with an onboard pre. Active pres bring the sound 'flat and forward' if that makes any sense. My Yamaha C-80 preamp has an output impedance of 47 ohms and enough power to easily power all 6 of my amps. To my ear a fully passive bass still has a more organic sound. Suffice it to say, you don't usually see phono inputs on passive preamps. You may like/prefer it or may not.A passive preamp has limitations, such as requiring a strong signal from the source, since a passive preamp can only attenuate the signal, it can not do anything else. Active Reamp The Radial X-Amp is a dual output class-A active Reamper that lets you take a pre-recorded track and send it through amps and pedals without noise. It's a choice everyone should make for themselves. You may be looking for 'effect boxes' (the preamps that are said to be more musical to some) that may have tube amplification or LDR volume control. There are also passive amplifiers (so there is some gain) but this requires extra care with the connected loads. In all other circumstances a good active one is preferred for reasons already stated by others. When you don't need more gain and don't need to switch between XLR and RCA then a passive one might be a solution. In both cases one can choose between stepped (or relay) or stepless. If yes consider: A good pre-amp is better than a passive one.Ī passive (volume control + input selector) can be better than a mediocre or poor pre-amp.Īn active pre-amp and some passives require mains voltage. If you can answer with at least one yes you do need a pre-amp. And most analog pots, even the good ones, have some degree of channel imbalance at low volume settings, and are noisier than metal film resistors of equivalent resistance.ĭo you need more gain than just 1x ? (power amp/speakers not reaching clipping levels as it is)ĭo you need / want a physical volume control ?ĭo you need balance and tone control (on more than 1 input) ?ĭo you have a mix of RCA and XLR inputs / outputs ?ĭo you want to add 'effects' (think tubes, LDR volume control etc.) ? A passive attenuator can give you that 30 dB reduction with a smaller drop in SNR. If your listening level is 30 dB below max, the SNR might only be 80 dB. The preamp spec might say for example 110 dB SNR but that is at max volume which nobody uses. So when you turn down the volume, the SNR drops with it. ![]() Most active preamps have an analog stage that has a fixed gain ratio with attenuation. The nicer more expensive ones have 48 or more steps with finer spacing.Īs I see it, the most relevant benefit of the passive is that it preserves SNR and perfect channel balance even as you turn down the volume. The volume you want may be between steps. The cheap ones have 24 steps which are typically 2 dB apart which is a lot. Also, a passive using stepped attenuators only gives you discrete volume levels. An active preamp is more flexible and buffers the devices from each other, so you don't have to worry so much about impedance matching. A passive that doesn't meet the above conditions can be worse than an active. All the advantages of passive, and more, without the down side. The best of tube preamps beat almost everything. Tubes are a different matter all together. IF all of your upstream devices (sources) have low output impedances, all your downstream devices have high input impedances, unity gain is more than you need, the attenuator's resistance is as low as possible but not too low (10k works in most cases), and you can use short cables. The benefits of greater resolution and smooth sweet sound are offset by a certain loss of liveliness and air. I'll bet you can find it with search.Ī passive using stepped attenuators of metal film resistors can be more transparent than an active preamp, under certain conditions. There's another recent thread on this same topic with lots of opinions & advice for you. ![]() |